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Buick Regal Limited 1994 - G - TESTS W/CODES - 3.1L 1994 ENGINE PERFORMANCE General Motors Corp. Self-Diagnostics - 3.1L V6
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - INTRODUCTION
Most engine control problems are the result of mechanical breakdowns, poor electrical connections or damaged vacuum hoses. Before considering the computer system as a possible cause of problems, perform checks and inspections covered in BASIC TESTING article in this section. Failure to do so may result in lost diagnostic time.
If no faults were found while performing BASIC TESTING , proceed with DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE under SELF-DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM. If no fault codes or only a non-running Code 12 is present and driveability problems exist, proceed to TESTS W/O CODES article in this section for diagnosis by symptom (i.e., ROUGH IDLE, NO START, etc.). If only intermittent codes are present, see INTERMITTENTS in TESTS W/O CODES article in this section.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - SELF-DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
NOTE: Powertrain Control Module (PCM) is also be referred to as Electronic Control Module (ECM) in some diagnostic charts and figures. Terms are used interchangeably.
Control module is equipped with a self-diagnostic system, which detects system failures or abnormalities. When a malfunction occurs, control module will illuminate SERVICE ENGINE SOON light located on instrument panel. SERVICE ENGINE SOON light is also be referred to as the Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL). When malfunction is detected and light is turned on, a corresponding trouble code will be stored in control module memory. To retrieve stored codes, see RETRIEVING CODES (NON-SCAN) . Malfunctions are recorded as hard failures or as intermittent failures.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - HARD FAILURES
Hard failures cause SERVICE ENGINE SOON light to glow and remain on until malfunction is repaired. If light comes on and remains on (light may flash) during vehicle operation, cause of malfunction must be determined using diagnostic (code) charts. If a sensor fails, control module will use a substitute value in its calculations to continue engine operation. In this condition, vehicle is functional, but it will most likely encounter degraded driveability.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - INTERMITTENT FAILURES
Intermittent failures cause SERVICE ENGINE SOON light to flicker or glow and go out about 10 seconds after intermittent fault goes away. Corresponding trouble code, however, will be retained in control module memory. If related fault does not reoccur within 50 engine starts, related trouble code will be erased from control module memory. Intermittent failures may be caused by sensor, connector or wiring related problems. See INTERMITTENTS in TESTS W/O CODES article in this section.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE
Diagnosis of computerized engine control system should be performed in following order:
- Ensure all engine systems not related to computer system are operating properly. DO NOT proceed with testing unless all other problems have been repaired. DIAGNOSTIC CIRCUIT CHECK must be performed before using trouble code charts. See BASIC TESTING article in this section.
- If trouble codes were displayed (other than Code 12), determine whether codes are hard or intermittent trouble codes. Hard codes will cause SERVICE ENGINE SOON light to glow continuously while engine is running. See HARD OR INTERMITTENT TROUBLE CODE DETERMINATION. For diagnosing hard codes, proceed to appropriate trouble code chart. For diagnosing intermittent codes, proceed to INTERMITTENTS in TESTS W/O CODES article in this section.
- If no trouble codes are present and a driveability problem exists, refer to SYMPTOMS in TESTS W/O CODES article in this section. Doing so will help identify proper system or component to check in SYSTEM/COMPONENT TESTS - 3.1L article in this section.
- After necessary repairs are made, clear trouble codes and perform FIELD SERVICE MODE CHECK in BASIC TESTING article in this section.
NOTE: For information on retrieving codes using a scan tester, refer to user and reference manuals supplied with tester.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - RETRIEVING CODES (NON-SCAN)
NOTE: On models using a 12-terminal DLC (previously referred to as the ALDL), if a wire is present at terminal "B", inserting a jumper wire into test and ground terminals of DLC with engine running will cause fuel injected vehicles to enter field service mode. Flashes of SERVICE ENGINE SOON light will not indicate codes if this is done. See FIELD SERVICE MODE CHECK in BASIC TESTING article in this section. On models not using a 12-terminal DLC or not having a wire present in terminal "B", codes must be retrieved using a hand-held scan tester.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 DATA LINK CONNECTOR (DLC) TEST TERMINALS
Application Ground/Test 12-Pin DLC VIN M (1) VIN T "A" & "B"
(1) Tech 1 scan tester required to activate output/field service mode.
- Turn ignition on. DO NOT start engine. SERVICE ENGINE SOON light should glow. Locate DLC attached to control module wiring harness. Most DLC's are located under dash on driver side of vehicle. For exact location of DLC, see COMPONENT LOCATIONS in the SYSTEM/COMPONENT TESTS - 3.1L article in this section. Insert jumper wire from terminal "B" (diagnostic test terminal) to terminal "A" (ground) of DLC. See Fig. 1 .
- SERVICE ENGINE SOON light should begin to flash codes. Each code will be repeated 3 times. If codes are not flashed or SERVICE ENGINE SOON light does not glow, perform DIAGNOSTIC CIRCUIT CHECK in BASIC TESTING article in this section. To exit diagnostic mode, turn ignition off and remove jumper wire from DLC connector.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - READING TROUBLE CODES
Control module stores component failure information under a related trouble code which can be recalled for diagnosis and repair. Trouble codes may be read by counting flashes of SERVICE ENGINE SOON light or by reading digital display on a scan tester. Scan tester is faster to use, more accurate and capable of reading information which otherwise would necessitate testing individual control module and sensor/solenoid connector terminals using a digital voltmeter. See SCAN TESTER USAGE and SCAN DATA .
NOTE: When using most scan testers, a time delay exists between serial data updates. For instantaneous response, a digital voltmeter must be used.
If scan tester is not available, reading flashes of SERVICE ENGINE SOON light is possible by grounding diagnostic test terminal "B" (if a wire is present) of DLC with ignition on and engine off. See Fig. 1 . For example, "FLASH, FLASH, pause, FLASH, longer pause" identifies Code 21. First series of flashes is first digit of trouble code. Second series of flashes is second digit of trouble code. Trouble codes are displayed starting with lowest numbered code. Each code is displayed 3 times. Codes will continue to repeat as long as DLC test terminal is grounded.
NOTE: Trouble codes will be recorded at various operating times. Some codes require operation of that sensor or switch for 5 seconds; others require operation for 5 minutes or longer at normal operating temperature, vehicle speed and load. Therefore, some codes may not set in a service bay operational mode and may require road testing vehicle in order to duplicate condition under which code will set.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - TROUBLE CODE DEFINITION
Buick Regal Limited 1994 ECM/PCM TROUBLE CODE DEFINITION
Code No. Circuit Affected 12 (1) No RPM Reference Pulse 13 Single-Sensor Models Oxygen Sensor Circuit Open Dual-Sensor Models Left Oxygen Sensor Circuit Open 14 Coolant Temperature Sensor Signal Voltage Low 15 Coolant Temperature Sensor Signal Voltage High 16 System Voltage Low (Except Lumina) 17 Camshaft Sensor (Except Lumina) 21 TPS Signal Voltage High 22 TPS Signal Voltage Low 23 MAT Sensor Signal Voltage High 24 Vehicle Speed Sensor 25 MAT Sensor Signal Voltage Low 28 Transmission Range Error (Except Lumina) 32 EGR System Error 33 MAP Sensor Signal Voltage High 34 MAP Sensor Signal Voltage Low 35 IAC Idle Speed Error 36 24X Signal Error (Except Lumina) 37 TCC Brake Switch (Except Lumina) 41 Ignition Control Circuit (Except Lumina) 43 ESC (Knock Sensor) Error 44 Single-Sensor Models Lean Exhaust Indication Dual-Sensor Models Left Lean Exhaust Indication 45 Single-Sensor Models Rich Exhaust Indication Dual-Sensor Models Left Rich Exhaust Indication 46 Pass-Key Circuit (Grand Prix) 51 Faulty PROM, MEM-CAL Or ECM/PCM 53 System Overvoltage 54 Fuel Pump Voltage Low 58 Transmission Fluid Temp. High 59 Transmission Fluid Temp. Low 61 Degraded O2 Sensor (Lumina) 62 Gear Switch Error (Lumina) 63 Right Oxygen Sensor Ckt Open (Dual-Sensor Models) 64 Right Oxygen Sensor Lean (Dual-Sensor Models) 66 A/C Pressure Sensor 67 A/C Pressure Sensor 70 High A/C Pressure (Except Lumina) 72 VSS Signal Error 75, 76, 77 EGR Sol. Error 80 Transmission Component Error 82 3X Signal Error 86 Analog/Digital Error 96 Trans. Voltage Low
(1) Display of a Code 12 is normal when reference pulses are not being received by control module (engine not running).
NOTE: Use trouble code charts only if SERVICE ENGINE SOON light is illuminated (indicating a current problem exists).
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - HARD OR INTERMITTENT TROUBLE CODE DETERMINATION
During any diagnostic procedure, determine if codes are hard failure codes or intermittent failure codes. Diagnostic charts will not usually help analyze intermittent codes. To determine hard codes and intermittent codes:
- Enter diagnostic mode. Read and record all stored trouble codes. Exit diagnostic mode, and clear trouble codes. See CLEARING TROUBLE CODES .
- Apply parking brake, and place transmission in Neutral or Park. Block drive wheels, and start engine. SERVICE ENGINE SOON light should go out. Run warm engine at specified curb idle for 2 minutes and note SERVICE ENGINE SOON light.
- If SERVICE ENGINE SOON light comes on, enter diagnostic mode. Read and record trouble codes. This will reveal hard failure codes. Oxygen sensor related codes may require a road test to reset hard failure after trouble codes were cleared.
- If SERVICE ENGINE SOON light does not come on, all stored trouble codes were intermittent failures, except as noted above.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CLEARING TROUBLE CODES
NOTE: On models not utilizing a 12-terminal DLC or if no wire is present in terminal "B", codes are cleared using a scan tester.
Turn ignition switch to ON position, and ground diagnostic test terminal "B" at DLC. See Fig. 1 . Turn ignition switch to OFF position, and remove control module fuse from fuse block for 10 seconds. Replace fuse. Remove diagnostic terminal ground lead. If fuse cannot be located, pigtail at battery can be disconnected. When power to ECM is remove, degraded driveability may be exhibited until control module "relearns" optimum operational parameters.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - ECM/PCM LOCATION
On most models, engine control module is located behind right or left side of dash or behind right or left kick panel. On Lumina, control module is located on right side of engine compartment. See COMPONENT LOCATIONS in SYSTEM/COMPONENT TESTS - 3.1L article in this section.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - DIAGNOSTIC MATERIALS Diagnostic Aids
Diagnostic aids (located in many trouble code charts) are additional tips used to help diagnose trouble codes when inspected circuit is okay. Diagnostic aids may help lead to a definitive solution to trouble code problem.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Field Service Mode Check (If Available)
If DLC test terminal "B" is grounded with engine running, SERVICE ENGINE SOON light will indicate operational mode of engine. This test confirms proper operation of fuel system and verifies "closed loop" operation. Clear codes and perform this test after any repair is completed. Some models require the use of a scan tester to enter field service mode. Field service mode check can be found by proceeding to FIELD SERVICE MODE CHECK in BASIC TESTING article in this section.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - SPECIAL TOOLS (DIAGNOSTIC)
NOTE: A scan tester plugged into DLC may be used to read trouble codes and check voltages in system on serial data line (terminal "E", or terminal "M"). This can save a great deal of time. For additional information, see SCAN TESTER USAGE and SCAN DATA .
Computerized engine control system is most easily diagnosed using scan tester; however, other tools may aid in diagnosing problems if a scan tester is unavailable. These tools are a tachometer, test light, ohmmeter, digital voltmeter with 10-megohm input impedance (minimum), vacuum pump, vacuum gauge, fuel injector test lights and 6 jumper wires 6" long (one wire with female connectors at both ends, one wire with male connectors at both ends and 4 wires with male and female connectors at opposite ends). A test light, rather than a voltmeter, must be used when indicated by a diagnostic chart.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - SCAN TESTER USAGE
NOTE: Before connecting scan tester to vehicle, diagnostic system should be checked to determine if system is operating properly and if information received will be accurate. This is done by performing DIAGNOSTIC CIRCUIT CHECK located in the BASIC TESTING article in this section. If vehicle does not pass diagnostic circuit check, information received may be invalid.
Scan tester is a specialized tester which, when plugged into DLC, can be used to diagnose on-board computer control systems by providing instant access to circuit voltage information without need to crawl under dash or hood to backprobe sensors and connectors.
Scan tester cuts down diagnostic time dramatically by furnishing input data (voltage signals) which can be compared to specification parameters. See SCAN DATA. They may also furnish information on output device (solenoids and motors) status. However, status parameters only indicate output signals have been sent to devices by control module; they do not indicate whether devices have responded properly to signal. Verify proper response at output device using a voltmeter or test light.
Vehicles utilizing a 16-terminal DLC or 12-terminal DLC with terminal "B" not used, must use a scan tester for retrieving codes or enter Field Service Mode.
NOTE: Code 12 should always exist when DLC terminal "B" is grounded with key on and engine not running, but it may not be indicated by all makes of scan testers.
A problem may exist even if trouble codes are not present. About 80 percent of driveability problems occur without trouble codes. Sensors that are out of calibration will not set a trouble code but will cause driveability problems.
Using a scan tester is the easiest method of checking sensor specifications and other data parameters. Tester is also useful in finding intermittent wiring problems by wiggling wiring harnesses and connections (key on, engine off) while observing data parameters. See SCAN DATA .
NOTE: If erroneous voltage signals are suspected, verify tester information using a digital voltmeter and wiring schematic. If non-existent codes are displayed, turn ignition off, remove tester, turn ignition on and ground DLC test terminal "B". Same codes flashed by SERVICE ENGINE SOON light should be indicated by scan tester.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - SCAN DATA
NOTE: Information contained in following tables is typical of readings taken on vehicle with engine idling, upper radiator hose hot, closed throttle, transmission in Park or Neutral, "closed loop" status achieved and all accessories off (except as noted in tables). Data parameters are updated a minimum of every 1 1/4 seconds. On systems using P-4 computers, parameter updates are more frequent. Not all devices and systems are used on all models; following lists only represent most commonly used parameters. For additional information, refer to owner manual furnished with tester.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 MULTIPORT FUEL INJECTION (MFI)
Tester Position Units Measured Nominal Value A/C Clutch On/Off Off (On With A/C) A/C Request Yes/No No/Yes (With Request) AIR Divert Sol. On/Off On (Air To Switching Sol.); Off (Air To Atmosphere) AIR Switching Sol. On/Off On (To Exhaust Manifold); Off (To Catalytic Converter) BARO Volts 3.0-4.5 Battery Voltage Volts 13.5-14.5 Block Learn (LT) Counts 118-138 (128 Normal) Canister Purge Sol. On/Off On/Engine Cold (Idle Some) Clear Flood On/Off See Tester Manual Coolant Fan(s) On/Off Off Below 216?F (102?C) Coolant Temp. ?C 85-105? (Norm. Temp.) Crank RPM RPM 100-900 Cross Counts Counts 0-255 EGR Solenoid On/Off On When Energized EGR Duty Cycle 0-100% 0/Closed; 100/Fully Open Fan Relay On/Off On When Energized Fan Request On/Off On With Request Fuel Back-Up Yes/No Yes When Engaged IAC Counts 0-50 Ignition/Crank On/Off On With Ignition/Crank Injector Pulse Width Mil./Sec .8-3.0 Integrator (ST) Counts 110-145 (128 Normal) Knock Retard Counts 0-255 Knock Signal Yes/No Yes When Knock Exists MAT (IAT) ?C 10-90? MAP Volts 1.0 (Idle) to 4.5 (WOT) "Open/Closed Loop Status" Ol/Cl Closed/Open During Extended Idle O2 Sensor Millivolts 100 (Lean) To 999 (Rich) P/N Switch P/N/RDL Park/Neutral P/S Switch Norm/Hi Normal PROM I.D. PROM # Original Factory Number RPM RPM Spec. +/-25 RPM Drive (A/T); Spec. +/-50 RPM Neut. (M/T) Spark Advance Degrees Varies TCC On/Off Off (On With Command) TP Sensor Volts 1.25 (Idle) To 5.00 (WOT) Throttle Angle 0-100% 0 (Idle) To 100 (WOT) Trouble Codes Code No. No Codes Upshift Light (M/T) On/Off Off VSS Or MPH MPH 0-Actual 1st Gear Switch On/Off On/1st Gear Only 3rd Gear Switch On/Off On/3rd & 4th Gear 4th Gear Switch On/Off On/4th Gear
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - ECM/PCM CODE CHARTS
NOTE: In following diagnostic tests, schematics and illustrations are courtesy of General Motors Corp.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 13, OPEN OXYGEN SENSOR CIRCUIT
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- This tests if problem still exists. Vehicle cannot enter "closed loop" mode if oxygen sensor circuit is open. Code indicates an open in O2 sensor circuit. Code will set if Engine is at normal operating temperature, neither Code 21 nor Code 22 is stored, oxygen sensor voltage is constant within a specified range (.34-.55 volt), throttle angle is greater than idle, a precalibrated amount of time has elapsed since start-up and all conditions have existed for a precalibrated amount of time.
- Determines if oxygen sensor, wiring or control module is at fault. If wiring is good, grounding oxygen sensor wire will cause .45 volt reference supplied by control module to pull low.
- This tests oxygen sensor circuit wiring. Use only a high impedance (10-megohm minimum) digital voltmeter.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
Control module will not go into closed loop if code is set. Code may set if vehicle runs out of fuel or stalls while vehicle is in motion. If oxygen sensor ground becomes loose, a false oxygen sensor reading will occur. This can result in a Code 13 being set. On models equipped with an oxygen sensor heating element, element resistance should be 3.5-14 ohms.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 CODE 13 PCM TERMINAL & CIRCUIT WIRING IDENTIFICATION
Application PCM Terminal Wire Color Except Lumina O2 Signal B22 Purple O2 Ground B23 Tan Lumina O2 Signal A16 Purple O2 Ground A22 Tan
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 14, COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR SIGNAL VOLTAGE LOW
- For shared sensor ground tie-offs, see appropriate diagram in WIRING DIAGRAMS section.
NOTE: This chart assumes engine cooling system is functioning properly (not overheating). Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- Code indicates control module has seen low coolant sensor voltage signal (high temperature) at control module terminal for a precalibrated period of time. This checks if conditions for code still exist.
- This tests for grounded sensor signal line between control module and coolant sensor.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
After engine is started, temperature should rise steadily to about 190?F (88?C) and then stabilize when thermostat opens. At normal operating temperature, signal voltage at control module terminal should be 1.5-2.0 volts. Check sensor for shifted calibration by using sensor TEMPERATURE-TO-RESISTANCE VALUES table. When code is set, control module will turn on electric cooling fan(s) if equipped.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 CODE 14 PCM TERMINAL & CIRCUIT WIRING IDENTIFICATION
Application PCM Terminal Wire Color Except Lumina CTS Signal A31 Yellow CTS Ground A17 Black Lumina CTS Signal C16 Yellow CTS Ground C10 Black
Buick Regal Limited 1994 TEMPERATURE-TO-RESISTANCE VALUES (1)
Temperature ?F (?C) Ohms 212 (100) 177 194 (90) 241 158 (70) 467 104 (40) 1459 68 (20) 3520 23 (-5) 12,300 14 (-10) 16,180 0 (-18) 25,000 -4 (-20) 28,680 -22 (-30) 52,700 -40 (-40) 100,700
(1) Measure resistance across sensor terminals.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 15, COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR SIGNAL VOLTAGE HIGH
- For shared sensor ground tie-offs, see appropriate diagram in WIRING DIAGRAMS section.
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- Code indicates control module has seen high resistance in coolant sensor circuit. This could be due to high resistance (cold temperature) or high voltage at coolant sensor terminal at control module for a precalibrated period of time. This checks if conditions for code still exist.
- This test simulates a low voltage condition. If control module recognizes low voltage signal, scan tester will display greater than 130?C. This indicates control module and wiring are not at fault.
- This test determines if coolant sensor ground or signal circuit is open.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
After engine is started, temperature should rise steadily to about 190?F (88?C) and then stabilize when thermostat opens. At normal operating temperature, voltage at control module sensor signal line should be 1.5-2.0 volts. Check sensor for shifted calibration by using sensor TEMPERATURE-TO-RESISTANCE VALUES table. When code is set, control module will turn on electric cooling fan(s) if equipped.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 CODE 15 PCM TERMINAL & CIRCUIT WIRING IDENTIFICATION
Application PCM Terminal Wire Color Except Lumina CTS Signal A31 Yellow CTS Ground A17 Black Lumina CTS Signal C16 Yellow CTS Ground C10 Black
Buick Regal Limited 1994 TEMPERATURE-TO-RESISTANCE VALUES (1)
Temperature ?F (?C) Ohms 212 (100) 177 194 (90) 241 158 (70) 467 104 (40) 1459 68 (20) 3520 23 (-5) 12,300 14 (-10) 16,180 0 (-18) 25,000 -4 (-20) 28,680 -22 (-30) 52,700 -40 (-40) 100,700
(1) Measure resistance across sensor terminals.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 17, CAMSHAFT SENSOR ERROR
Camshaft sensor is a Hall Effect switch located on the front of the engine. Sensor sends signals to the PCM when cylinder No. 1 is on the intake stroke. Signal is used by PCM to synchronize sequential fuel injection. If cam signal is not received by PCM, PCM will pulse fuel injectors sequentially, but the fuel injectors may not be in sync with each intake valve opening. A loss of this signal, or any extra signals (false signals), at engine speeds greater than 500 RPM will cause PCM to set a Code 17.
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- PCM performs a test for Code 17 when the engine is running or cranking. Code 17 will set when a cam pulse is missing on the first pass through the internal PCM self-test of the camshaft position sensor, or a cam pulse is missing for 3 seconds.
- By repeatedly tapping the starter, camshaft timing mark and camshaft position sensor will align with each other. At this point, voltage from sensor to PCM should drop to near zero volts temporarily. This indicates the camshaft sensor is capable of sending a signal to the PCM.
- Before replacing camshaft position sensor, inspect sensor for proper installation.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
An intermittent cam reference signal can be caused by poor connection, cracked sensor or internal engine problems.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 21, THROTTLE POSITION SENSOR SIGNAL VOLTAGE HIGH
- For shared sensor ground tie-offs, see appropriate diagram in WIRING DIAGRAMS section.
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- This test checks if code is result of a hard failure or an intermittent condition.
- This test simulates a low-voltage condition. If control module recognizes change of state, control module and wiring are okay.
- This step isolates a faulty sensor, control module or open sensor ground circuit. If sensor ground is shared by another sensor, an accompanying code related to that sensor may exist.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
A scan tester displays throttle position in volts. Closed throttle voltage should be low. Voltage should increase gradually to about 4.5 volts at a steady rate as throttle angle is increased. If code is intermittent, see INTERMITTENTS in TESTS W/O CODES article in this section.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 CODE 21 PCM TERMINAL & CIRCUIT WIRING IDENTIFICATION
Application PCM Terminal Wire Color Except Lumina TPS Signal A30 Dark Blue TPS Ground A17 Black TPS Reference B31 Gray Lumina TPS Signal C15 Dark Blue TPS Ground C10 Black TPS Reference C12 Gray
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 22, THROTTLE POSITION SENSOR SIGNAL VOLTAGE LOW
- For shared sensor ground tie-offs, see appropriate diagram in WIRING DIAGRAMS section.
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- This test checks if code is result of a hard failure or an intermittent condition.
- This test simulates conditions for setting code. If control module recognizes change of state, control module and wiring are okay.
- This simulates a high signal voltage to check for an open in TPS signal line to control module. Scan tester should recognize this signal and display high TPS voltage.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
A scan tester displays throttle position in volts. Closed throttle voltage should be low. Voltage should increase gradually to about 4.5 volts at a steady rate as throttle angle is increased. If code is intermittent, see INTERMITTENTS in TESTS W/O CODES article in this section.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 CODE 22 PCM TERMINAL & CIRCUIT WIRING IDENTIFICATION
Application PCM Terminal Wire Color Except Lumina TPS Signal A30 Dark Blue TPS Ground A17 Black TPS Reference B31 Gray Lumina TPS Signal C15 Dark Blue TPS Ground C10 Black TPS Reference C12 Gray
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 23, MAT SENSOR SIGNAL VOLTAGE HIGH - LUMINA
- For shared sensor ground tie-offs, see appropriate diagram in WIRING DIAGRAMS section.
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- This checks if code is result of a hard failure or an intermittent condition. Code will set if engine has been running for a precalibrated period of time, has reached operating temperature and signal voltage indicates a intake air temperature less than -22?F (-30?C).
- This simulates conditions for setting code. If scan tester displays a high temperature, control module and wiring are not at fault.
- This checks for continuity of sensor signal and ground circuits. If ground circuit is shared by other sensors and ground circuit is open, accompanying codes related to those sensors may be present.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
If engine is allowed to cool overnight, coolant and MAT sensor values should be close to each other when measured by scan tester. Code will result if signal and ground circuits become open. Check sensor for shifted calibration by using sensor TEMPERATURE-TO-RESISTANCE VALUES table.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 CODE 23 PCM TERMINAL & CIRCUIT WIRING IDENTIFICATION
Application PCM Terminal Wire Color Lumina MAT Signal C4 Tan MAT Ground C5 Black
Buick Regal Limited 1994 TEMPERATURE-TO-RESISTANCE VALUES (1)
Temperature ?F (?C) Ohms 212 (100) 177 194 (90) 241 158 (70) 467 104 (40) 1459 68 (20) 3520 23 (-5) 12,300 14 (-10) 16,180 0 (-18) 25,000 -4 (-20) 28,680 -22 (-30) 52,700 -40 (-40) 100,700
(1) Measure resistance across sensor terminals.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 24, VEHICLE SPEED SENSOR
Speed sensor, which is a Permanent Magnet (PM) generator, provides control module with vehicle speed information. PM generator, mounted in transmission, produces a pulsing AC voltage signal whenever vehicle speed is greater than 2 MPH. Voltage level and pulses increase with vehicle speed. Control module converts pulsing voltage to MPH, which is used by control module to calculate vehicle adjustments.
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- Code 24 sets when MPH reads zero, transmission is not in Park or Neutral, engine speed indicates vehicle is in a cruise mode (1200-4400) RPM, TPS indicates closed throttle and MAP sensor senses high manifold vacuum. All of these conditions must be met for 2-5 seconds. PM generator only produces a voltage signal if drive wheels are turning greater than 2 MPH.
- Before replacing control module, PROM/MEM-CAL should be checked for correct application.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
A faulty or misadjusted park/neutral switch may set a false Code 24. Use scan tester to check for proper signal in Drive while wiggling shifter. Code 24 may set if vehicle is power braked (brakes applied and throttle depressed) for more than 10 seconds.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 25, MAT SENSOR SIGNAL VOLTAGE LOW - LUMINA
- For shared sensor ground tie-offs, see appropriate diagram in WIRING DIAGRAMS section.
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- This checks if code is hard failure or intermittent condition. Code 25 will set if a MAT temperature greater than 266?F (130?C) is sensed for more than a precalibrated period.
- This simulates condition for Code 23. If control module recognizes open circuit and scan tester displays temperature of less than -30?C, control module and wiring are okay.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
If engine is allowed to cool overnight, coolant temperature sensor and MAT sensor values should be close to each other when measured by a scan tester. A Code 25 will result if sensor signal circuit is shorted to ground. Check sensor for shifted calibration by using sensor TEMPERATURE-TO-RESISTANCE VALUES table.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 CODE 25 PCM TERMINAL & CIRCUIT WIRING IDENTIFICATION
Application PCM Terminal Wire Color Lumina MAT Signal C4 Tan MAT Ground C5 Black
Buick Regal Limited 1994 TEMPERATURE-TO-RESISTANCE VALUES (1)
Temperature ?F (?C) Ohms 212 (100) 177 194 (90) 241 158 (70) 467 104 (40) 1459 68 (20) 3520 23 (-5) 12,300 14 (-10) 16,180 0 (-18) 25,000 -4 (-20) 28,680 -22 (-30) 52,700 -40 (-40) 100,700
(1) Measure resistance across sensor terminals.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 28, TRANSMISSION RANGE PRESSURE SWITCH - EXCEPT LUMINA
Transaxle range switch is a multiple signal switch that sends gear selector position information to the PCM. PCM determines gear selection from an internal table. This is important to maintain idle quality when shifting from Park to Drive as well as maintaining correct TCC engagement points. When Code 28 sets, PCM will default to 3rd gear until a correct signal is received by PCM.
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- Checks for proper operation of transmission range switch.
- Checks for an open, grounded or shorted to voltage circuit.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
An intermittent may be caused by a poor connection, rubbed-through wire insulation or wire broken inside insulation. Inspect PCM harness connectors for backed-out terminals, improper mating, broken locks, improperly formed or damaged terminals, poor terminal-to-wire connection and damaged harness. Monitor Tech-1 while moving related connectors and wiring harness. If failure is induced, reading will change. This may assist in isolating the location of the malfunction.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 32, EGR SYSTEM ERROR - LUMINA
Code 32 represents an EGR flow test error. During a closed throttle coast-down, PCM will cycle 3 internal EGR valve solenoids on and off individually while monitoring for changes in engine RPM and oxygen (O2) sensor activity.
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- This test determine if power to EGR valve exists.
- This test will determine if an open circuit exists in EGR wiring or if EGR valve is at fault.
- This test will determine if a short to ground exists in any circuit going to EGR valve or if PCM is at fault.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 33, MAP SENSOR SIGNAL VOLTAGE HIGH
- For shared sensor reference and shared sensor ground tie -offs, see appropriate diagram in WIRING DIAGRAMS section.
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- This test confirms Code 33 and determines if it is result of a hard failure or an intermittent condition. Code 33 will set when voltage signal reading is too high for greater than a precalibrated period of time, TPS voltage indicates throttle is closed and neither Code 21 nor 22 is present.
- This step simulates conditions for a Code 34. If control module recognizes and sets Code 34, low MAP signal, control module and 5-volt reference and MAP signal circuits are not at fault. If ground circuit is shared with other sensors and ground circuit becomes open, additional codes related to these sensors may be set.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
With ignition switch in ON position and engine stopped, manifold pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure and signal voltage will be high. Comparison of BARO readings from a known good vehicle using same sensor is a good way to check accuracy of suspect sensor. Readings should be same within .4 volt. Code 33 will result if ground circuit is open, MAP signal circuit is shorted to voltage or to 5-volt reference circuit.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 CODE 33 PCM TERMINAL & CIRCUIT WIRING IDENTIFICATION
Application PCM Terminal Wire Color Except Lumina MAP Signal A29 Light Green MAP Ground A17 Black MAP Reference B31 Gray Lumina MAP Signal C22 Light Green MAP Ground C51 Black MAP Reference C7 Gray
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 34, MAP SENSOR SIGNAL VOLTAGE LOW
- For shared sensor reference and shared sensor ground tie -offs, see appropriate diagram in WIRING DIAGRAMS section.
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- This confirms Code 34 and determines if code was caused by a hard failure or an intermittent fault. Code 34 will set when ignition is on and MAP signal voltage is low. On some systems, engine must be running to set code.
- Jumpering MAP signal to 5-volt reference at MAP harness connector will determine if sensor is at fault or if a problem exists with control module or wiring.
- Scan tester may not display 12 volts. Control module recognizes voltage as greater than 4 volts (high MAP voltage signal), indicating control module and MAP signal circuit are not at fault.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
With ignition switch in ON position and engine stopped, manifold pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure and signal voltage will be high. Comparing BARO readings with a known good vehicle using same sensor is a good way to check accuracy of suspect sensor. Readings should be same within .4 volt. A Code 34 will also result if 5-volt reference and MAP signal circuits are open or shorted to ground.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 CODE 34 PCM TERMINAL & CIRCUIT WIRING IDENTIFICATION
Application PCM Terminal Wire Color Except Calif. MAP Signal C22 Light Green MAP Ground C5 Black MAP Reference C7 Gray Calif. MAP Signal A29 Light Green MAP Ground A1 Black MAP Reference B31 Gray
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 35, IAC IDLE SPEED ERROR
Code 35 will set when closed throttle engine speed is 150 RPM greater or less than correct idle speed for 20 seconds.
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- Tech 1 RPM control mode is used to extend and retract IAC valve. Movement is verified by an engine speed change. If no change in speed occurs, valve can be retested when removed from throttle body. If IAC valve is retracted beyond control range (about 1500 RPM), many flashes in extend position may occur before engine speed begins to drop. This is normal on certain engines. Fully extending IAC may cause engine to stall. This may be normal.
- This test uses Tech 1 to command IAC-controlled idle speed. Control module issues commands to obtain requested idle speed. Each light on node light should flash Red and Green while IAC valve is cycled. While sequence of color is not important, check circuits for faults beginning with poor terminal contacts if either light is off or does not flash Red and Green.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
A slow, unstable idle may be caused by a system problem which cannot be overcome by IAC. Scan counts will be greater than 60 if idle is too low and zero counts if idle is too high. If idle is too high, stop engine. Fully extend IAC with driver. Start engine. If idle speed is greater than 800 RPM, look for possible vacuum leaks.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - System Too Lean
If air/fuel ratio is too lean, idle speed may be either too high (check for vacuum leaks) or too low. Engine speed may vary up and down; disconnecting IAC may not help. Scan and/or digital voltmeter (10-megohm) will read an oxygen (O2) sensor output less than 300 mV (.3 volt). Check for low fuel pressure or water in fuel. A contaminated O2 sensor (caused by silicone) will produce lean air/fuel mixtures with an O2 sensor output fixed greater than 800 mV (.8 volt). This may also set Code 45.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - System Too Rich
If air/fuel ratio is too rich, idle speed will be too low and scan tester counts will usually be greater than 80. System may be obviously rich, with Black smoke from exhaust pipe. Scan tester and/or voltmeter will read an O2 sensor voltage signal fixed greater than 800 mV (.8 volt). Look for high fuel pressure and injectors leaking or sticking. Remove IAC, and inspect bore for foreign material and evidence of IAC valve dragging bore.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Throttle Body
Remove IAC, and inspect bore for evidence of IAC valve dragging.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - IAC Valve Connections
Inspect carefully for loose or corroded connections.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - PCV Valve
An incorrect PCV valve may cause incorrect idle speed.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 36, 24X SIGNAL ERROR
The 24X crankshaft position sensor is used to improve spark during low engine speeds. Code 36 will set if the engine is running and the PCM detects 6 or more 24X crankshaft sensor reference pulses have not occurred. Code 36 diagnosis occurs once per ignition cycle.
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- The 24X signal RPM should be the same as engine speed up to 2000 RPM, at which time it stops. This test determines if the PCM is putting out a 24X signal.
- Determines if signal voltage is present at the PCM.
- Determines is battery voltage is present at sensor input.
- Applying battery voltage to the 24X pigtail circuit determines pigtail and sensor integrity.
- Determines ground path continuity.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
An intermittent 24X signal and Code 36 can be caused by poor connections. Visually and physically check connections.
Fig. 31: Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Component Locations - Code 36 Schematic (3.1L) 24X Signal Error
Fig. 32: Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Component Locations - Code 36 Flow Chart (3.1L) 24X Signal Error
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 37, TCC BRAKE SWITCH ERROR
PCM monitors activity of the normally-closed brake switch. Switch opens when brake pedal is applied.
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- Checks for voltage at brake switch.
- Simulates brake switch closed or brakes off.
- Checks TCC brake switch circuit between PCM and switch.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
Code 37 can be caused by a misadjusted brake switch or a poor connection. Code may also be set by unusual driving habits i.e. stop-and-go expressway driving.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 41, CYLINDER SELECT ERROR
Ignition timing is controlled by the PCM. Inputs from various sensors allow PCM to calculate optimum spark timing.
NOTE: Test number refers to number on diagnostic chart.
- Confirms Code 41 and fault causing code is present.
- Checks for normal IC ground path through ignition module
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
Scan tester does not have the ability to help diagnose Code
Fig. 37: Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Component Locations - Code 41 Flow Chart
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 42, IC CIRCUIT OPEN/GROUNDED
Code 42 indicates PCM has seen an open or short to ground in HEI EST or by-pass circuit.
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- This test confirms Code 42 and determines if fault is a hard failure or intermittent condition.
- This test checks for a normal IC ground path through ignition module. If EST circuit is shorted to ground, reading will be less than 500 ohms.
- As test light voltage touches by-pass circuit, module should switch. This will cause ohmmeter to switch from hundreds of ohms to thousands of ohms. This test assures module "switched".
- If module did not switch, this tests for a short in IC circuit, an open in by-pass circuit and a faulty ignition module connection or module.
- This step confirms Code 42 is a faulty PCM and not an intermittent problem in IC or by-pass Circuits.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
Scan tester does not have ability to help diagnose a Code 42 problem. See INTERMITTENTS in TESTS W/O CODES article in this section.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 43, ESC ERROR
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart. If an audible knock is heard from engine at idle, repair internal engine problems before proceeding.
- If tapping on engine does not produce a knock signal on scan tester, try tapping engine closer to sensor before proceeding.
- PCM supplies a 5-volt reference signal on knock sensor line. With knock sensor connected, this signal is pulled low to about 2.5 volts. Knock signal, which is an AC signal, rides on this 2.5-volt DC signal.
- This test determines if knock sensor is faulty or if ESC portion of MEM-CAL is faulty.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
Check knock sensor signal circuit for a potential open or short to ground. An open knock signal circuit would cause 5-volt reference to remain high at PCM knock signal terminal. A short to ground in knock signal circuit would cause 5-volt reference signal to pull low to near zero volts. Resistance to ground through knock sensor should be 3300-4500 ohms. Also check for proper installation of MEM-CAL.
Fig. 41: Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Component Locations - Code 43 Schematic (3.1L) ESC Error
Fig. 42: Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Component Locations - Code 43 Flow Chart (3.1L) ESC Error
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 44, LEAN EXHAUST INDICATION
NOTE: Some models engines are equipped with 2 oxygen sensors. On these models, Code 44 will set if the left sensor circuit is lean. Code 64 will set if the right sensor circuit is lean. Use this chart for Code 64 also and perform tests for applicable sensor.
O2 sensor acts like an open sensor circuit and produces no voltage when exhaust temperature is less than 600?F (316?C). An open sensor circuit or cold sensor causes "open loop" operation. On models with 2 oxygen sensors, Code 44 will reflect a lean left O2 sensor; Code 64 will indicate a lean right O2 sensor. Perform test procedures for right or left sensor as necessary.
NOTE: Test number refers to number on diagnostic chart.
- Checks to see if O2 sensor is registering a lean condition. Code 44 is set when O2 sensor voltage signal at control module is low (less than .3 volt) for a precalibrated period and system is operating in "closed loop".
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
Using scan tester, observe Block Learn Memory (BLM) value at different RPMs. If conditions for a Code 44 exist, block learn value will be about 150.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - O2 Sensor Wire
O2 sensor wire may be mispositioned and laying against exhaust manifold. Check for ground between sensor and wire connector.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Fuel Contamination
Water, even small amounts, near in-tank fuel pump inlet can be delivered to injector. Water may cause a lean exhaust and set Code 44.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Fuel Pressure
System will be lean if fuel pressure is low. If necessary, monitor fuel pressure while driving vehicle. For fuel pressure checking procedure, see BASIC TESTING article in this section.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Exhaust Leaks
If exhaust system has large leaks, exhaust system negative pressure pulses can cause outside air to be drawn into system and past O2 sensor. Vacuum or crankcase leaks can also cause a lean condition. Misfire Or Stall
If engine misfires or stalls (including running out of fuel) while vehicle is moving, a Code 44 may set. If Code 44 is intermittent, see INTERMITTENTS in TESTS W/O CODES article in this section.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 CODE 44 PCM TERMINAL & CIRCUIT WIRING IDENTIFICATION
Application PCM Terminal Wire Color Except Lumina O2 Signal B22 Purple O2 Ground B23 Tan Lumina O2 Signal A16 Purple O2 Ground A22 Tan
Fig. 45: Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Component Locations - Code 44 Flow Chart
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 45, RICH EXHAUST INDICATION
NOTE: On some models engines are equipped with 2 oxygen sensors. On these models, Code 45 will set if the left sensor circuit is rich. Code 65 will set if the right sensor circuit is lean. Use this chart for Code 65 also and perform tests for applicable sensor.
O2 sensor acts like an open sensor circuit and produces no voltage when exhaust temperature is less than 600?F (316?C). An open sensor circuit or cold sensor causes "open loop" operation.
Code 45 indicates a rich exhaust. Diagnosis should begin with fuel pressure, leaking injector, HEI shielding (ground), vapor canister fuel saturation, coolant sensor, MAP sensor, O2 sensor contamination and TPS intermittent output.
On models using 2 oxygen sensors, Code 45 will reflect a rich left O2 sensor; Code 65 will indicate a rich right O2 sensor. Perform test procedures for right or left sensor as necessary.
NOTE: Test number refers to number on diagnostic chart.
- Test checks to see if O2 sensor is registering a rich condition. Code 45 is set when vehicle is at operating temperature (in "closed loop"), throttle angle is greater than idle, O2 sensor signal at control module is greater than .7 volt for a precalibrated period and time since engine start is one minute or more.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
If other codes of lower number are set with Code 45, use those charts first. Malfunction in MAP or TPS sensor circuits can cause a Code 45 to set. If other codes are not set, Code 45, rich exhaust, is most likely caused by:
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Fuel Pressure High
If fuel pressure is too high, air/fuel ratio will be rich. For fuel pressure checking procedure, see BASIC TESTING article in this section. Control module can compensate for slight increases, but a Code 45 will be set if air/fuel ratio becomes too rich.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Ignition Ground
If an open occurs on HEI ground circuit, HEI induced electrical "noise" may result, causing simulated reference pulses to be picked up by control module on reference line of EST harness. Additional pulses result in a higher than actual engine speed signal. Control module will increase injector pulse width ("on" time) to match increased RPM signal. Scan tester will show higher than actual RPM, which can help in diagnosing this problem.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Evaporative Fuel Canister
Fuel saturation of charcoal canister will cause a rich air/fuel ratio. If canister is full of fuel, check canister control valves and hoses.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - MAP Sensor
An output causing control module to sense a higher than normal manifold pressure (low vacuum) can cause system to go rich. Disconnecting MAP sensor will allow control module to substitute a fixed value for MAP sensor. If condition disappears, substitute a different MAP sensor, and continue testing.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - TPS
An intermittent TPS output will cause system to operate rich due to a false indication of engine acceleration.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - O2 Sensor Contamination
O2 sensor contamination, caused by silicone in certain fuels or use of improper RTV sealant, may cause a White powdery coating to cover exterior of O2 sensor. False high signal voltage (low oxygen content sensed) produced is interpreted by control module as a rich mixture, causing control module to set Code 45.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - EGR Problem
EGR valve sticking open at idle is usually accompanied by a rough idle and/or stalling. Also check for shorted or leaking injector and fuel-contaminated oil. If Code 45 is intermittent, see INTERMITTENTS in TESTS W/O CODES article in this section.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 CODE 45 PCM TERMINAL & CIRCUIT WIRING IDENTIFICATION
Application PCM Terminal Wire Color Except Lumina O2 Signal B22 Purple O2 Ground B23 Tan Lumina O2 Signal A16 Purple O2 Ground A22 Tan
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 51, FAULTY PROM/MEM-CAL
Ensure all pins are fully inserted in socket. If pins are okay, replace PROM/MEM-CAL, clear memory and recheck. If Code 51 reappears, replace control module.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 52, FAULTY CAL-PAK
Ensure all pins are fully inserted in socket. If pins are okay, replace CAL-PAK, clear memory and recheck. If Code 51 reappears, replace control module.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 53, SYSTEM VOLTAGE HIGH
This code indicates a basic charging system problem. Code 53 will set when voltage at control module terminal is greater or less than specification for a precalibrated time. If voltage at PCM battery voltage terminal is not within specification, check and repair charging system.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 CHARGING SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
Application Minimum Charge Maximum Charge 3.1L 8 16.5
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 54, FUEL PUMP VOLTAGE LOW
Fuel pump circuit No. 120 is monitored and used by PCM for fuel system compensations based on system voltage. Signal is also used to store a trouble code if fuel pump relay is defective or fuel pump voltage is lost while engine is running. About 12 volts should exist on fuel pump signal circuit for 2 seconds after ignition is turned on or any time reference pulses are being received by PCM.
Code 54 will set if voltage on circuit is greater than 14 volts or less than 7 volts for 3 second.The oil pressure switch will provide a current path for fuel pump when oil pressure becomes great enough to close the contacts. Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL) will illuminate.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 55, PCM ERROR
Ensure PCM grounds are okay. Ensure correct EPROM is being used and that it is properly installed. If okay, replace PCM. Clear codes, confirm closed loop operation and check operation of Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL).
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 58, TRANSMISSION TEMPERATURE SENSOR HIGH TEMPERATURE
Temperature sensor is a 2 wire thermistor located in transaxle. This sensor operates in the same manner as engine coolant temperature sensor and intake air temperature sensor. PCM applies 5 volts to sensor on signal circuit. Voltage sensed at PCM signal circuit terminal will be high when trans fluid is cold and as fluid warms voltage signal will drop. A very low signal voltage indicates a high fluid temperature or a failure in sensor circuit. Normal fluid temperature range is between 167?F-212?F (75?C-100?C).
Code 58 will set when sensor indicates a temperature of 148?C or greater for 5 seconds. Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL) will illuminate and PCM will use a default sensor value of 90?C.
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- Checks for a short to ground or an out-of-calibration sensor.
- Checks for an internal fault within the transmission by creating an open.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
Check harness routing for a potential short to ground in signal circuit. Temperature should rise steadily to approximately 85?C then stabilize. A skewed sensor could result in delayed shifts or TCC enabled complaints.
Use temperature-to-resistance table to check sensor at various levels to determine if sensor is out-of-calibration, which could result in firm shifts or TCC enable.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 TEMPERATURE-TO-RESISTANCE VALUES (1)
Temperature ?F (?C) Ohms 212 (100) 177 194 (90) 241 158 (70) 467 104 (40) 1459 68 (20) 3520 23 (-5) 12,300 14 (-10) 16,180 0 (-18) 25,000 -4 (-20) 28,680 -22 (-30) 52,700 -40 (-40) 100,700
(1) Measure resistance across sensor terminals.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 59, TRANSMISSION TEMPERATURE SENSOR LOW TEMPERAURE
Temperature sensor is a 2 wire thermistor located in transaxle. This sensor operates in the same manner as engine coolant temperature sensor and intake air temperature sensor. PCM applies 5 volts to sensor on signal circuit. Voltage sensed at PCM signal circuit terminal will be high when trans fluid is cold and as fluid warms voltage signal will drop. A very high signal voltage indicates a low fluid temperature or a failure in sensor circuit. Normal fluid temperature range is between 167?F-212?F (75?C-100?C).
Code 59 will set when sensor indicates a temperature of less than -40?C for 5 seconds. Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL) will not illuminate and PCM will use a default sensor value of 90?C.
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- This test determines if a current condition exists.
- Simulates a Code 58. If PCM recognizes low signal voltage, and scan displays 146 degrees centigrade or higher, PCM and wiring are okay.
- Checks if signal circuit is open. Five volts should be present at sensor connector.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
Temperature should rise steadily to approximately 212 ?F (90?C) then stabilize. A faulty connection or an open in ground or signal circuit can result in Code 59. A skewed sensor could result in firm shifts or TCC enabled complaints.
Use temperature-to-resistance table to check sensor at various levels to determine if sensor is out-of-calibration, which could result in firm shifts or TCC enable.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 TEMPERATURE-TO-RESISTANCE VALUES (1)
Temperature ?F (?C) Ohms 212 (100) 177 194 (90) 241 158 (70) 467 104 (40) 1459 68 (20) 3520 23 (-5) 12,300 14 (-10) 16,180 0 (-18) 25,000 -4 (-20) 28,680 -22 (-30) 52,700 -40 (-40) 100,700
(1) Measure resistance across sensor terminals.
Fig. 56: Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Component Locations - Code 59 Flow Chart
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 61, DEGRADED OXYGEN (O2) SENSOR - LUMINA
If a Code 61 is stored in memory, PCM has determined O2 sensor is contaminated or degraded because voltage change time (cross counts) is slow or sluggish.
PCM performs O2 sensor response time test when coolant temperature is more than 185?F (85?C), IAT temperature is greater than 50?F (10?C), system is in "closed-loop" or in a decel fuel cut-off mode. If Code 61 is stored, O2 sensor should be replaced. A contaminated sensor can be caused by fuel additives such as silicon, or by use of non-recommended lubricants or sealants. Silicon contamination is usually indicated by a White powdery substance on sensor fins.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 62, GEAR SW ERROR - LUMINA
The 2nd gear switch should be open in 2nd and 3rd gears. PCM uses this signal to disengage TCC when downshifting.
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- Scan testers display switch status in different manners. - manufacturer operating manual to determine proper status display. Because both switches should be in same state during this test, tester should display same status for both 2nd and 3rd gear switches.
- Determines whether switch or signal circuit is open. Circuit can be checked for an open by measuring voltage at TCC connector. Reading should be about 12 volts.
- Because switches should be grounded in this step, disconnecting TCC connector should cause scan tester to change status.
- Switch status should change when vehicle shifts into 2nd gear.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
If vehicle is road tested for a TCC-related problem, ensure switch status does not change in 3rd gear because TCC will disengage. If switches change status, carefully check wiring harness/routing and connectors.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 66, LOW A/C CHARGE - LUMINA
The A/C refrigerant pressure sensor responds to changes in A/C refrigerant system high side pressure. Input indicates how much load A/C compressor is putting on the engine and is one of the factors used by the PCM to determine IAC valve position for idle speed control, and engine cooling fan operation. The circuit consists of a 5-volt reference and a ground, both provided by the PCM, and a signal line to the PCM. The signal is a voltage which is proportional to the pressure. Code 66 sets if the voltage is less than a calibrated level for 5 seconds or more. The A/C compressor is disabled by the PCM if Code 66 is present or if pressure is greater than or less than calibrated values.
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- This step checks the voltage signal being received by the PCM from the A/C refrigerant pressure sensor.
- Checks to see if low voltage signal is from the sensor or the circuit. Jumpering the sensor signal circuit to 5 volts checks the circuit, connections and PCM.
- This step checks to see if the low voltage signal was due to an open in the sensor signal circuit or the 5-volt reference circuit, since the proper step eliminated the pressure sensor.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
Code 66 sets when signal voltage falls outside the normal possible range of the sensor and is not due to a refrigerant system problem. If problem is intermittent, check for opens or shorts in harness or poor connections.
Fig. 59: Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Component Locations - Code 66 Schematic (Lumina) Low A/C Charge
Fig. 60: Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Component Locations - Code 66 Flow Chart (Lumina) Low A/C Charge
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 66, A/C PRESSURE SENSOR
A/C pressure sensor responds to changes in A/C refrigerant system high side pressure. PCM uses A/C compressor load input to determine engine idle speed. Sensor uses a 5-volt reference signal from PCM and returns an input signal to PCM on a separate line. Low pressure (zero psi) will return a signal of about .1 volt. High pressure will return a signal of about 4.6 volts.
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- Checks voltage signal from A/C pressure sensor to PCM.
- Checks to see if high signal is from a shorted sensor or a short to voltage in circuit. Normally, disconnecting sensor would make a normal circuit go to nearly zero volts.
- Checks to see if low voltage signal is from sensor or circuit. Jumpering sensor signal circuit to 5-volt reference checks circuit, connections and PCM.
- Checks to see if low voltage signal was due to an open in sensor circuit; previous step eliminated pressure sensor as a possible cause.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
Code 66 sets when signal voltage falls outside normal sensor range and is not due to a A/C system problem. If problem is intermittent, check for opens or shorts in harness and poor connections. If wiring is okay, replace pressure sensor. If code resets, replace PCM.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 70, HIGH A/C PRESSURE
A/C pressure sensor responds to changes in A/C refrigerant system high side pressure. PCM uses A/C compressor load input to determine engine idle speed. Sensor uses a 5-volt reference signal from PCM and returns an input signal to PCM on a separate line. Low pressure (zero psi) will return a signal of about .1 volt. High pressure will return a signal of about 4.9 volts. ECM will disable A/C if Code 66 is present.
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- This step checks the voltage signal being received by the PCM from the A/C refrigerant pressure sensor.
- Checks to see if the high voltage signal is from a shorted sensor or a short to voltage in the circuit. Normally, disconnecting the sensor would make a normal circuit go to near zero volts.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
Code 70 sets when signal voltage falls outside of the normal possible range of the sensor and is not due to a refrigerant system problem. If problem is intermittent, check for opens or short in the harness or poor connections.
Fig. 63: Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Component Locations - Code 70 Schematic (3.1L) High A/C Pressure
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 72, VSS
Speed sensor is a PM generator located on transmission output shaft.
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- Disable TC system (if equipped) when performing this step. Whenever ignition is cycled off and then back on, TC system will default on.
- An intermittent connection at VSS or PCM may cause code to set. Inspect harness and all related connections. Check for damage or pushed out terminals. Prior to replacing PCM check for updated software for PCM (reprogrammable).
- Ensure harness is not routed too close to hot exhaust components.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
Code 24 will set if vehicle speed is not detected at start off. Code 72 will set when vehicle speed has been detected and then lost.
Fig. 65: Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Component Locations - Code 72 Schematic (3.1L) VSS
Fig. 66: Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Component Locations - Code 72 Flow Chart (3.1L) VSS
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 75, 76 OR 77, EGR SOLENOID ERROR
The PCM performs an EGR diagnostic check to monitor the flow of exhaust gases through the 3 EGR solenoids. When the vehicle is under deceleration, the EGR valves are normally closed. The PCM then opens each valve in succession (while keeping previous valves open) and manifold vacuum is monitored for a calculated MAP increase associated with each valve's application. Should the expected response of manifold vacuum not be seen by the PCM, a Code 75 (solenoid No.1), 76 (solenoid No. 2) or 77 (solenoid No. 3) will set.
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- This test determines if there is power to the EGR valve.
- This test will determine if there is an open circuit in the EGR wiring or if the EGR valve is at fault.
- This test will determine if there is a short to ground in the solenoid drive circuits or if the PCM is at fault.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
An intermittent may be caused by a poor connection, chafed wire insulation, or a wire broken inside insulation. Intake plenum should be checked for possible plugged passages.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 79, TRANSMISSION FLUID OVERTEMP
PCM supplies and monitors a 5-volt reference to sensor. As transmission temperature changes, sensor resistance changes, affecting monitored voltage. When fluid is cold, resistance is high, resulting in a high monitored voltage.When fluid is hot, resistance is low, resulting in a low monitored voltage.
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- Checks to see if code is current or intermittent.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
See Code 59 chart to check transmission temperature sensor temperature-to-resistance values. Also, check transmission fluid level.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 80/90, TRANSAXLE COMPONENT SLIPPING
PCM monitors difference between engine speed and transaxle input shaft speed. With selector in D3 or D4 (indicated gear 3 or 4), and TCC is locked, scan should display engine speed closely matching input speed.
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- Checks for a shorted internal transaxle harness or TCC solenoid.
- Checks for open in power supply to TCC solenoid.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
Check all connections to transaxle pass-through connector. An open in the ignition feed circuit will cause multiple codes to set. If scan tester indicates TCC is working, road test vehicle. If engine RPM does not decrease when TCC engagement is indicated on TCC, diagnose transaxle for possible mechanical problem.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 82, 3X SIGNAL ERROR
If scan tester did not indicate a cranking RPM, and there is no spark present at the plugs, the problem lies in the electronic ignition system or the power and ground supplies to the module. The magnetic crank sensor is used to determine engine crankshaft position much the same way as the pick-up coil did in the distributor type system. The sensor is mounted in the block near a 7-slot wheel on the crankshaft.
The rotation of the wheel creates a magnetic field in the sensor which induces a voltage signal. The electronic ignition module then processes this signal and creates the reference pulses needed by the PCM and the signal triggers the correct coil at the correct time.
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- This test will determine if the 12-volt supply and a good ground are available at the ignition module.
- Checks for resistance of the crank sensor and connections.
- Voltage will vary in this test depending on cranking speed of engine.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
An open or shorted 3X signal will cause an "engine cranks but won't start" condition. An intermittent problem may set a Code 82.
Fig. 73: Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Component Locations - Code 82 Schematic (3.1L) 3X Signal Error
Fig. 74: Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Component Locations - Code 82 Flow Chart (3.1L) 3X Signal Error
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 85, PROM ERROR & CODE 87, EEPROM ERROR
Ensure all PCM connectors are fully inserted in socket. If okay, have PCM reprogrammed using appropriate equipment. If equipment is not available, have PCM serviced through dealership.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - CODE 96, TRANSMISSION VOLTAGE LOW
NOTE: Test numbers refer to numbers on diagnostic chart.
- Checks for normal battery voltage of 9-15 volts.
- Checks if low voltage is due to generator voltage supply circuit, or PCM. If voltage is less than 9 volts, PCM is okay.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - Diagnostic Aids
If code sets when an accessory is operated, check for poor connections or excessive current draw. Also, check for poor connections at starter solenoid or fusible link.
Buick Regal Limited 1994 - SUMMARY
If no hard fault codes are present, driveability symptoms exist or intermittent codes exist, proceed to TESTS W/O CODES article in this section for diagnosis by symptom (i.e., ROUGH IDLE, NO START, etc.) or intermittent diagnostic procedures.